• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for edging a workpiece (1) from tallblech metal, wherein before and / or during the bending process to produce the de bending edge (5) containing, in particular strip-shaped forming zone (6) on the workpiece (1) for locally increasing the formability is heated to a Umformtempera temperature below the melting temperature of the metal. To reduce undesired deformations due to shrinkage stresses, the workpiece (1) is preceded by an energy input from outside the workpiece (1) before and / or during and / or after the bending operation in at least one heating zone (11) different from the forming zone (6) heated from a transition temperature to a treatment temperature below the melting temperature of the metal.
    公开号:AT513467A1
    申请号:T1051/2012
    申请日:2012-09-26
    公开日:2014-04-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Trumpf Maschinen Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    25 15:29:00 26-09-2012 5/33 ·· ·· · · · ·
    1 • · · · • · · • · · · ·· ··
    The invention relates to a method for folding workpieces made of sheet metal, wherein before and / or during the bending process containing a bending edge containing, in particular strip-shaped forming zone on the workpiece for locally increasing the formability is heated to a forming temperature below the melting temperature of the metal.
    The bending of workpieces by means of bending presses is a common and long-established reliable method of machining workpieces by forming. However, the field of application of bending methods is limited in part by the material properties, in particular by mechanical-technological properties. Thus, in brittle materials such as magnesium, titanium, spring steels, high-strength Al alloys, high-strength steels or other brittle known materials, the problem is that when deformed by bending these materials do not have sufficient plastic deformability and therefore break during the bending process or along the Forming zone cracks or other undesirable deformations occur. A parameter that can characterize the relevant behavior of materials is the so-called breaking elongation, ie the value of the plastic deformation that a work piece to be reshaped can endure up to the occurrence of a break. An alternative parameter for this behavior is also the so-called yield ratio, which sets the required tension in a workpiece at the beginning of a noticeable plastic deformation in relation to the maximum tolerable stress at break load from the workpiece
    Even with workpieces made of easily deformable materials, the formability can be too low if bending radii are to be produced that are in relation to the sheet metal thickness
    No: R082 P.077 / 105 25 15:29:44 26-09-2012 6/33 · ♦ ················································································ ···························································································································· if the bending radius is approximately in the range of sheet metal thickness or even smaller, which can be passed on the tensile side of the forming of the tolerable material stress.
    A commonly used method to make even such low elongation materials or workpieces with relatively large sheet thickness of the application of a forming process, in particular for bending accessible, is to heat to be bent workpieces in the forming zone, whereby in this heated area the To achieve the required plastic deformation required voltage can be locally reduced.
    As an example of such a method, EP 0 993 345 A1 discloses a method for bending a workpiece by mechanical force under selective heating of the workpiece along a bending line by laser radiation, in which an elongate beam field is formed from one or more laser beams and in which through the radiation field, the workpiece is heated at all points along the bending line.
    Although the reshaping can be facilitated or made possible at all by the locally limited heating of the forming zone on the workpiece, which in the subsequent cooling of the forming zone, shrinkage stresses often occur, which undesirable changes in shape on the workpiece, in particular thermal distortion, distortions , Cause waves or bumps and such workpieces are either unusable or require extensive rework.
    The object of the invention is to provide a generic bending method which avoids or at least reduces the mentioned adverse effects of heating the forming zone.
    The object of the invention is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
    Characterized in that the workpiece before and / or during and / or after the bending process in at least one of the forming zone different heating zone 3/34 N2011 / 37500
    No .: R082 26/09/2012 15:32 P. 078/105 25 15:30:32 26-09-2012 7/33 • · · · 3 by applying energy from outside the workpiece from an initial temperature to a treatment temperature below the melting temperature of the metal is heated, the distribution of the shrinkage stresses occurring in a sole heating of the forming zone can be influenced in such a way that gentler voltage curves result and the shrinkage stresses occurring are at least partially compensated. The cooling of the forming zone can thereby be slowed down in a simple manner, since the heat flow from the forming zone is reduced by the increased temperature of the adjacent heating zone and the propagation of internal stresses into the bending limbs of the workpiece adjoining the produced bending edge are reduced.
    Due to the thermal conduction taking place within a workpiece, transient heat transport processes take place during the application of the method, but with specific control of the process parameters of the energy input into the heating zone or else into the deformation zone, approximately quasi-stationary states can be produced at least temporarily. By thermal conduction processes within the workpiece, temperature differences compensate naturally after completion of an energy input, which is why the terms forming zone and heating zone refer to a time in which the forming temperature or the treatment temperature is significantly higher in these zones than in unheated sections of the workpiece.
    A mathematical estimation of the thermal stresses resulting from the temperature changes on the workpiece and deformations caused thereby is obtained by means of constantly improved simulation calculations, e.g. FE-methods, feasible and it is also possible based on Rechenmodelten and possibly, including incorporation of measurements during the process application before and / or during and / or after the actual forming process by demand energy herzustel len a temperature distribution in the workpiece, with the unwanted , after the Abkühlivorgang remaining deformations can be reduced or eliminated. N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:33
    No .: R082 P.079 / 105 25 15:31:22 26-09-2012 8/33 · »··············································································· • · ♦ · · · · · 4
    Due to the additional heating zone next to the actual forming zone, even before the forming process occurring thermal deformations and distortions can be reduced because the voltage gradient occurring within the workpiece is lower. The positioning of the workpiece on the bending die is also facilitated or less disturbed due to the lower deformations.
    An advantageous method for the energy input into the heating zone can be selected from a group comprising heat transfer, heat conduction, heat radiation, convection, electromagnetic induction, electrical resistance heating, laser radiation, high-energy electromagnetic radiation, or a combination. In particular, the use of laser radiation enables a rapid and precise increase in the temperature in the heating zone, since the intensity emitted by a laser light source and by suitable means for guiding the beam in its location of action is flexibly adaptable.
    The energy input into the heating zone can be carried out at a distance from the forming zone, whereby more options are available through a greater distance in the choice of the means used for the energy input. This facilitates simultaneous heating of the forming zone and the heating zone.
    In the case of workpieces in which sections of the same dimensions are connected to the bending edge on both sides, it is advantageous if two or more heating zones are produced substantially symmetrically with respect to the deformation zone and thus deformations caused by asymmetrical shrinkage stresses are avoided.
    Taking into account the temporal evolution of the temperature profile caused by heat conduction, it may be advantageous if, upon termination of the energy input within a heating zone, the treatment temperature has a predetermined temperature distribution with different temperature values. 5/34 N2011737500 26/09/2012 15:34
    No: R082 P.080 / 105 25 15:32:09 26-09-2012 25 9/33 ·· ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · t # ψ · · · · • • · · · · · · 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    In order to reduce the time required to heat the workpiece in the heating zone, the energy input may advantageously be from both sides of the sheet. In particular, with thicker sheets so can be saved heating time. By the energy input from both sides of the sheet is available for more area and can be increased at the same held intensity of the energy input, the heating power. The risk of local overheating up to reaching the melting temperature of the sheet can be kept low.
    A simple and optionally calculable or definable temperature distribution in the workpiece can be effected if the heating zone is set oriented parallel to the bending edge or forming zone.
    If a length of the heating zone in the direction parallel to the bending edge is set shorter than the bending edge length, the marginal zone not directly heated by the energy input experiences a smaller expansion and shrinkage near the end of the bending edge than the adjacent forming zone and heating zone, thus providing a smoother transition in the voltage curve thermally unaffected workpiece sections is given.
    By taking place in the workpiece heat conduction is not required to achieve a certain treatment temperature within the heating zone to make the energy input uniformly throughout the heating zone, but it is also possible to carry out the energy input into the heating zone in several spaced apart heating sections. This allows the use of one or more locally acting heat sources to heat the heating zone instead of using a full-surface heat source. For example, it can be replaced by a controllable laser beam a surface-adjacent resistance heating.
    Since in most cases a uniform treatment temperature within the heating zones is desired, it is advantageous if the heating sections within the heating zone are substantially evenly distributed
    No .: R082 25 15:32:58 26-09-2012 10/33 6 ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ································ • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·····. This not only includes the spatial distribution and expansion, but may also provide a largely identical energy input into the heating sections.
    A simple and optionally calculable or definable temperature distribution in the workpiece can be effected if the energy input in at least one heating section is carried out essentially along a line or alternatively in one point.
    A uniform temperature distribution and a well predictable or calculable temporal temperature profile are achieved if, within the heating zone, the energy input occurs simultaneously in all heating sections of the heating zone. Any calculation models used to determine the energy input can be simplified as a result.
    Alternatively, the energy input can be made successively in time in individual heating sections, whereby a planar heating zone can be heated with a spatially locally acting energy source.
    In order to be able to achieve as uniform a temperature distribution as possible even when the heating sections are heated in succession, it is possible to determine overlapping heating sections.
    The heating of the forming zone to the forming temperature can also be done by means of energy input into the heating zone and thereby effected heat conduction within the workpiece, if thereby the required forming temperature is achieved, whereby a separate Heizvonichtung for the forming zone can be omitted.
    In order to reduce the mechanical complexity for the implementation of the method, it is advantageous to use the energy source used for the heating of the forming zone offset in time and for the energy input into the heating zone. Since there are comparable requirements when heating the forming zone and the heating zone, this can be used in many cases. 7/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:35
    N °: R082 P. 082/105 7 15:33:44 26-09-2012 11/33 7 15:33:44 26-09-2012 11/33 ♦ · »· · ·········· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
    For very thin sheets, which can cool very quickly in the ambient air, it may be helpful to heat each of the heating zone and the forming zone by means of a separate energy source.
    As already mentioned above, to minimize unwanted workpiece deformations, it may be advantageous to define at least one process parameter selected from a group comprising position, shape, expansion, treatment temperature or temperature distribution of the heating zone, distribution, duration or intensity of the energy input by means of a programmable control device. For this purpose, models for the cooling behavior and the associated thermal stresses or thermally induced deformations are stored in the control device, which are adapted to the particular application.
    In particular, such a process parameter may be determined using a finite element method.
    A further development of the method can be to determine the process parameters after measuring the geometry and / or the temperature of the workpiece before and / or during and / or after the forming process, whereby the process results can be optimized by returning controlled variables. The process is thus to a certain extent controlled in such a way that undesired thermally induced deformations after cooling of the workpiece are minimized.
    An effective minimization of shape errors on the workpiece can be achieved if the intensity and the duration of the energy input is selected so that in the heating zone and / or the heating sections a treatment temperature in a range between 220 ° C and 600 ° C substantially over the entire Thickness of the sheet is reached.
    Furthermore, it is possible to choose the intensity and the duration of the energy input in such a way that a treatment temperature is achieved in the heating zone and / or the heating sections at which the starting temperature is higher than the starting temperature
    No: R082 P.083 / 105 8 15:34:31 26-09-2012 12/33 a microstructural change of the sheet is effected. Such structural changes may affect the stress distribution within the workpiece such that the absolute values of the shape errors on the workpiece are reduced. For example, it can be caused by several inhomogeneities of the microstructure in the sheet, that due to the shrinkage stresses not a large warp on the workpiece is formed, but form several smaller faults or sets a slight ripple, which may represent tolerable errors.
    A particularly rational implementation of the method is possible if at least part of the energy input into the heating zone takes place by means of a bending tool involved in the bending process. For example, it may be provided that in a bending die, on which the workpiece is placed before the forming process, a possibility for discharging high-energy radiation, in particular laser radiation, is provided and the workpiece is positioned by means of a robot over the exiting radiation, that the intended application heating process in the forming zone and / or the heating zone takes place.
    When linking a laser cutting machine and a press brake, it is also possible that at least part of the energy input into the heating zone takes place in a cutting process upstream of the bending process on the laser cutting machine.
    The application of the method is particularly advantageous for bending machining workpieces made of zinc-based, titanium-based, aluminum-based metal sheets, as well as composite materials with such components or workpieces in which the ratio of smallest bending radius and plate thickness is less than 1.0.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:
    Fig. 1 A method for folding of workpieces during the heating of the forming zone and the heating zone; 9/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:37
    No.: R082 P.084 / 105 15:35:17 26-09-2012 13/33 25 • · · · · · · · · · · «· · · · · · · ·« «· 9
    Fig. 2 A method for folding of workpieces at the completion of the forming process;
    Fig. 3 is a partially sectioned view in the direction III of a finished bent workpiece in Fig. 2;
    4 shows a view of a workpiece to be bent with possible variants of the heating zone;
    5 shows a representation of a possible temperature distribution within a workpiece to be formed after heating of the heating zone;
    Fig. 6 shows a section through a replaceable in the application of the method bending die.
    In Figures 1 and 2, a method described in consequence for bending a workpiece 1 is shown from a metal sheet. In this case, a workpiece 1 is introduced before the forming process in a bending tool assembly 2, which includes a bending die 3, for example in the form of a V-die and a punch 4, which are relatively movable by means of a guide and Antriebsan order of a bending machine not shown, and thereby produce a bending edge 5 on the workpiece 1 by plastic deformation.
    In order to increase the workability of the workpiece 1, a forming zone 6 containing the subsequent bending edge 5 is heated by means of a heating device 7 to a forming temperature below the melting temperature of the metal of the workpiece 1. As a result of this heating of the deformation zone 6, it is possible to achieve deformation rates on the workpiece 1 which would not be possible, for example, at room temperature, since the workpiece 1 would possibly tear or break. By heating, the voltage from which a plastic deformation begins in the workpiece 1, reduced, which is why the optimum forming temperature is determined depending on the material used of the workpiece 1. The use of the method is particularly advantageous with zinc-based, titanium-based, aluminum-based metal sheets, or workpieces, at 10/34 26/09/2012 15:37
    No .: R082 N2011 / 37500 P. 085/105 10 25 10 25 14/33 15:36:02 26-09-2012 where the ratio of the smallest bend radius and the sheet thickness is less than or equal to 1.0.
    The heating device 7 causes an energy input into the forming zone 6 of the workpiece and may use a mechanism selected from a group comprising heat transfer, heat conduction, heat radiation, convection, electromagnetic induction, electrical resistance heating, laser radiation, high-energy electromagnetic radiation or a combination thereof.
    In Fig. 1 it is shown that the heating device 7 and the subsequent bending edge 5 are positioned in the bending plane 8, which also coincides with the direction of movement of the adjustable bending punch 4. After completion of the heating process, the heater 7 is removed from the immediate work area of the bending tool assembly 2 and the workpiece 1 is placed in the intended for the forming process position. Normally, it is placed on the top 9 of the bending die 3, which also represents a support plane 10. However, it is also possible that the heating of the forming zone 6 is performed distanced from the bending tool assembly 2 and the workpiece 1 is spent in a short path in the required position for the forming process, in which the subsequent bending edge 5 is in the bending plane 8. The heating of the forming zone 6 is carried out so that the workpiece 1 is given the desired increased formability even after a short positioning. For this purpose, the cooling process occurring after the end of the heating can be estimated and the deformation zone 6 can be heated to a correspondingly higher temperature.
    According to the invention, at least one heating zone 11 is heated on the workpiece 1 in addition to the forming zone 6 by means of energy input from outside the workpiece 1, starting from an initial temperature to a treatment temperature below the melting temperature of the workpiece 1. In the illustrated embodiment, two, with respect to the bending plane 8 approximately symmetrical lying heating zones 11 are heated. The energy entry takes place here 26/09/2012 15:38 11/34
    No .: R082 N2011 / 37500 P.086 / 105 15:36:51 26-09-2012 15/33 25 by means of heaters 12, which are arranged adjacent to the heating device 7 for the forming zone 5 and also However, it is also possible that are heated by further heating devices 12, which are positioned above the workpiece 1, the heating zones 11 simultaneously from both sides of the workpiece to the treatment temperature. Oer energy input takes place in this case from both sides of the workpiece 1 and thereby also the time for the heating process can be reduced.
    The heating devices 12 for heating the heating zones 11 can also be arranged at a distance from the bending tool arrangement 2 and the workpiece 1 can be brought into the position required for the forming process after heating has taken place.
    As shown in FIG. 1, a source of high-energy radiation, in particular laser radiation, may be provided as the heating device 7, 12, although alternative heat energy sources may also be used, such as e.g. Resistance heating elements, infrared radiators, hot air devices with concentrated air outlet, etc ..
    The heating of the heating zones 11 can also take place in such a way that, with a time offset, the heating device 7 used for heating the deformation zone 6 is used, in which case the structural complexity for carrying out the method is reduced.
    The heating devices 7, 12 are preferably actuated by a programmable control device 13 with which the heating processes are controlled such that the required temperatures, ie the forming temperature in the forming zone 6 and the treatment temperature in the heating zone 11, are achieved or maintained as accurately as possible. The control device 13 may also be connected to a control device, not shown, of the bending machine containing the bending train 2 or be part of such. 12/34 N2011 / 37500 P.087 / 105 26/09/2012 15:39
    No: R082 15:37:36 26-09-2012 16/33 25 • ·· ············································································· ····· 12
    The energy input into the heating zone 11 is activated with the control device 13 and thereby selected from a group comprising the position, shape, extent or treatment temperature of the heating zone or also the distribution, duration and intensity of the energy input. The control device 13 can also influence the energy input into the heating zone 11 by automatically adjusting the position of the heating devices 7, 12, and this automatic adjustment can additionally include the removal of the heating devices 7, 12 from the working range of the bending tool arrangement 2.
    The determination of the process parameters by the control device 13 can in particular also be carried out using a finite element method, with which the resulting in the heating and cooling of the workpiece 1 in the forming zone 6 voltages are estimated or calculated in advance and based on the energy input is placed in the heating zones 11 so as to minimize or compensate for the stresses in the workpiece which occur during the cooling of the workpiece 1 after the forming process.
    Furthermore, it is possible that the determination of process parameters also takes place based on a measurement of the geometry of the workpiece 1 or the temperature of the Weikstückes 1 in the forming zone 6 and in the heating zone 11. In particular, the heating process may be performed with a temperature measuring device activated during the heat-up process, e.g. a non-contact radiation thermometer, and a Regeivorrichtung done.
    So that in the forming the required for the unproblematic execution of a bending process formability of the workpiece 1 is given, a certain temperature is required at the end of the heating in the forming zone 6, taking into account that due to Wärmeieitung within the workpiece 1 and heat to the Environment, the temperature in the forming zone 6 decreases Therefore, it is advantageous if between the completion of the heating process and the completion of the forming process a 13/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:40
    No .: R082 P.088 / 105 25 25 17/33 15:38:24 26-09-2012 • · · · · ···································································· As short a time as possible elapses, which is why it is advantageous to carry out the heating process in the vicinity of the bending tool arrangement or within the bending tool arrangement 2.
    An embodiment of the method can also be that the heating of the forming zone 6 takes place on the forming temperature by heat conduction during or after the effected by the heater 12 energy input into the heating zone 11. In this case, a separate heating device 7 for heating the forming zone 6 omitted.
    To avoid undesirable shape errors on the workpiece, the intensity and duration of the energy input by means of the heaters 7,12 is selected so that in the heating zone 11, a treatment temperature from a range between 220 ° C and 600 ° C is reached. This temperature should prevail over substantially the entire thickness of the workpiece 1.
    In Fig. 2, the action of the bending tool assembly 2 is shown on the workpiece 1, in which case, for example, the completion of the forming process is shown. At this time, the forming zone 6 has a relation to non-heated parts of the workpiece 1 increased temperature and continues as a result of the temperature compensation within the workpiece 1 and the heat output to the environment or the bending tool assembly 2 on.
    The present after completion of the forming process in the workpiece 1 temperature distribution determined as a result, the emergence of shrinkage stresses in the workpiece 1 and the undesirable deformations induced thereby. According to the invention, this cooling process is advantageously influenced by the heating zones 11 different from the forming zone 6, wherein the heating of the heating zone 11 can take place before and / or during and / or after the actual forming process.
    With reference to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the influence of the invention on the shrinkage stresses arising in the workpiece 1 will be explained in succession. 14/34 N2011 / 37500 P.089 / 105 26/09/2012 15:41
    No .: R082 25 25 18/33 15:39:11 26-09-2012 • · · ························································ · 14
    Fig. 3 shows a view according to the direction III of a folded workpiece 1, wherein the right bending leg in Fig. 2 is shown in section along line A-A. As already described above, in a generic bending process, the forming zone 6, which contains the later bending edge 5, heated before and / or during the forming process, whereby the workpiece 1 locally reaches the required formability in the region of the bending edge 5.
    When heating the strip-shaped forming zone 6 and the local increase in the temperature of the material undergoes a thermal expansion in this area, but which is more or less hindered by the adjacent, less strongly or not heated workpiece sections. As a result, compressive stresses arise in the region of the deformation zone 6, which would regress again in the event of subsequent cooling of the workpiece 1 and associated shrinkage of the deformation zone 6. However, since the workpiece 1 is deformed in the heated state and in the region of the bending edge 5 plastic deformations auftre-th, through which the internal stresses in the longitudinal direction of the bending edge 5 are largely degraded causes a reshaped workpiece 1, the subsequent cooling of the forming zone 6 a shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of the bending edge 5, which is more or less obstructed by the adjacent workpiece sections. As a result, in the region of the deformation zone 6 after cooling of the workpiece 1 to ambient temperature tensile stresses {shrinkage stresses) which cause undesired deformations of the adjacent workpiece sections or the adjacent bending legs 14 and 15 or also the bending edge 5. In Fig. 3 such deformations are shown exaggerated as ripples 16 to scale. Of course, other forms, for example, a simple warping or curvature or similar undesirable form errors occur, which can be significantly reduced or prevented by means of the method according to the invention.
    In FIG. 4, possible temperature distributions within a workpiece 1 are shown when carrying out the method. 15/34 N2011 / 37500 P.090 / 105 15 15:39:59 26-09-2012 19/33
    Here, in the region of the later bending edge 5 containing forming zone 6 is a region with greatly elevated temperature T, since the workpiece 1 is heated before or during the forming process here on the relation to the ambient temperature significantly higher, already described above forming temperature. Of course, this relatively narrow and sharp temperature profile 17 in the forming zone 6 widens as a result of the heat conduction taking place in the workpiece 1 after the end of the heating process. However, there is also after the completion of the forming process in this area a significantly elevated temperature, which cause the previously described shrinkage stresses and related undesirable changes in shape of the finished workpiece 1.
    According to the invention, the work piece 1 is heated to a treatment temperature below the melting temperature of the metal on the workpiece 1 in addition to the forming zone 6 in a heating zone 11 -in FIG. 4, two heating zones 11 symmetrically to the bending edge 5, whereby each isolated further temperature distributions 18 result as a result, change the Abkühiverhalten the workpiece 1 change. This additional increase in temperature in the heating zones 11 causes the forming zone 6 to cool much more slowly after reaching the forming temperature and, as a result, the rapid heat flow into the remaining workpiece 1 is substantially reduced. The original without any heating zones 11 original temperature distribution 17 is replaced in this case by a much wider temperature distribution 19, which due to the much lower temperature gradient and due to much lower cooling rate, the internal stresses due to the cooling process are much lower and thereby significantly lower undesirable thermal deformations occur on the curved workpiece 1.
    In Fig. 4 it is indicated that the forming temperature 20 in the forming zone 6 is chosen to be much higher than the treatment temperature 21 in the heating zones 11, but it is also possible that treatment temperature 21 and forming temperature 20 are about the same or that the treatment temperature 21st is greater than the forming temperature 20. As previously described, 16/34 N2011 / 37600 26/09/2012 15:42
    No.: R082 P. 091/105 15:40:50 26-09-2012 20/33 25 • · ♦ · · «·· t ♦ · * • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · It is also possible that the forming zone 6 is not heated specifically, but is brought by heat conduction within the workpiece 1, starting from the heating zones 11 to the appropriate forming temperature.
    FIG. 5 shows possible embodiments of heating zones 11 on a view of an unbent workpiece 1. In the region of the bending plane 8, the forming zone 6 containing the later bending edge 5 is here marked with dashed lines. For this purpose, a heating zone 11 is shown at a distance on the left side, in which the energy input is effected by two mutually spaced heating sections 22. Accordingly, the energy input need not occur uniformly or over the entire heating zone 11, but due to the already occurring heat conduction and distribution of the temperature after completion of the heating process, the heating at a plurality of spaced apart heating sections 22 done. In this example, the energy input takes place in the heating sections 22 along lines 23 which run approximately parallel to the bending plane 8, whereby the heating zone 11 is also oriented approximately parallel to the bending edge 5. To the right of the bending edge 5, a modified second heating zone 11 is shown, in which the heating sections 22 are formed by a series of points 24 in which substantially the energy input takes place. In order to achieve a temperature distribution within a heating zone 11 that is as simple and computationally detectable as possible, it is advantageous if a plurality of heating sections 22 are arranged in a regular sequence or uniformly. With the arrangement of the heating zones 11 shown in FIG. 5, a temperature distribution described with reference to FIG. 4 would result, which causes reduced unwanted thermal deformations on the finished workpiece 1.
    FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the method for folding a workpiece 1, which is possibly independent of itself, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are again used for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 5. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 5 or reference. 17/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:43
    No .: R082 P.092 / 105 25 25 21/33 15:41:40 26-09-2012 • · · · · ···································································· · · ····· 17
    In this embodiment, the heating of the subsequent bending edge 5 containing forming zone 6 and the mutually arranged heating zones 11 by means of a bending die 3 integrated heater 7, preferably a laser light source 25 or means for distributing generated outside of the bending die 3 and introduced into this laser radiation includes. The positioning and handling of the workpiece is done manually or as shown by means of a programmable handling device 26, e.g. equipped with a grasping forceps 27. In this case, as shown, the bottom of the workpiece 1 rests against the support surface 10 of the bending die 3, a deformation due to the dead weight of the workpiece 1 is reduced while a potentially dangerous leakage of laser radiation is largely prevented.
    The forming zone 6 and the two heating zones 11 are heated sequentially in time with the same heating device 7, wherein the order can be chosen freely. In order to facilitate the achievement and maintenance of the forming temperature 20 in the forming zone 6 until the completion of the forming process, it is advantageous if the forming zone 6 is heated only after the heating zones 11. By integrating into one of the bending tools of the bending tool assembly 2, the energy input can take place even during the actual forming process.
    Finally, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and the same component names, the disclosures contained throughout the description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or identical component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position.
    The exemplary embodiments show possible embodiments of the method, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments
    No .: R082 N2011 / 37500 P.093 / 105 15:42:30 26-09-2012 22/33 25 • f fr ··· • ·· ·· t • · · · • • • • • • a It is also possible to use different combinations of the individual variants with each other and this possibility of variation on the basis of the doctrine of technical action by representational invention in the ability of this on this technical Area professional. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.
    For the sake of order, it should be pointed out in conclusion that, for better understanding of the devices used in the method, these or their components have been partially rendered out of scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.
    Above all, the individual in Figs. 1,2; 3; 4; 5; 6 embodiments form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.
    Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions. All statements on ranges of values in the description of the present invention should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. the indication 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, i. all subregions begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10. 19/34 26/09/2012 15:45
    No.: R082 N2011 / 37500 P.094 / 105 25 15:46:16 26-09-2012 28/33 ·· · · ·
    Reference Designation 1 workpiece 2 bending tool arrangement 3 bending die 4 bending punch 5 bending edge 6 forming zone 7 heating device 8 bending plane 9 top 10 support plane 11 heating zone 12 heating device 13 control device 14 bending leg 15 bending leg 16 waviness 17 temperature distribution 18 temperature distribution 19 temperature distribution 20 forming temperature 21 treatment temperature 22 heating section 23 line 24 point 25 laser light source 26 handling device 27 gripping pliers 26/09/2012 15:48 20/34 No .: R082 N2011 / 37500 P.100 / 105
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. A method for folding a workpiece (1) made of sheet metal, wherein before and / or during the bending process, a strip to be produced (5) containing, in particular strip-shaped forming zone (6) on the workpiece (1) for locally increasing the formability of a Forming temperature is heated below the melting temperature of the metal, characterized in that the workpiece (1) before and / or during and / or after the bending process in at least one of the forming zone (6) different heating zone (11) by means of energy input from outside the workpiece ( 1) is heated from a starting temperature to a treatment temperature below the melting temperature of the metal.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy input uses a mechanism selected from a group comprising heat transfer, heat conduction, heat radiation, convection, electromagnetic induction, electrical resistance heating, laser radiation, high-energy electromagnetic radiation, or a combination thereof.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the energy input into the heating zone (11) distanced from the forming zone (6) is performed.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or more heating zones (11) are arranged substantially symmetrically to the forming zone (6).
    5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within the heating zone (11) the treatment temperature 21/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:45 No .: R082 P.095 / 105 2 15:43: 55 26-09-2012 24/33 temperature is brought to a predetermined temperature distribution with locally different temperature values.
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy input from both sides of the workpiece (1).
    7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating zone (11) is set parallel to the bending edge (5) oriented.
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy input into the heating zone (11) takes place in a plurality of spaced apart heating sections (22)
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating sections (22) within the heating zone (11) are set substantially uniformly distributed
    10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the energy input in at least one heating section (22) substantially along a line (23) is performed.
    11. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the energy input in at least one heating section (22) substantially in a point (24) is performed.
    12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the energy input takes place simultaneously in all heating sections (22) of the heating zone (11). 22/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:46 No .: R082 P.096 / 105 3 15:44:33 26-09-2012 25/33 • · · · · · · · · · · · · ······························································
    13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the energy input takes place temporally successively in individual heating sections (22).
    14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that overlap heating sections (22).
    15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating of the Ilmformzone (6) to the forming temperature by means of energy input into the heating zone (11) and thereby effected heat conduction within the workpiece (1).
    16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating means used for the heating of the forming zone (6) (7) offset in time and for the energy input into the heating zone (11) is used.
    17. The method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the heating zone (11) and the forming zone (6) in each case by means of a separate heating device (7,12) are heated.
    18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one process parameter selected from a group comprising location, shape, extent or treatment temperature of the heating zone, distribution, duration or intensity of the energy input by means of a programmable control device (13) is laid test.
    19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the process parameter is laid down using a finite element method. 23/34 26/09/2012 15:47 No .: R082 N2011 / 37500 P.097 / 105 25 15:45:12 26-09-2012 26/33

    4
    20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the method parameter is determined after measuring the geometry and / or the temperature of the workpiece (1) before and / or after the forming process.
    21. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intensity and duration of the energy input is selected so that in the heating zone (11) and / or the heating sections (22) a treatment temperature from a range between 220 ° C and 600eC is achieved substantially over the entire thickness of the workpiece.
    22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intensity and the duration of the energy input is selected so that in the heating zone (11) and / or the heating sections (22) a treatment temperature is reached at the opposite to the starting temperature Microstructure change of the workpiece (1) is effected.
    23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the energy input into the heating zone (11) by means of a bending tool involved in the bending process (3,4).
    24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the energy input into the heating zone (11) takes place in a cutting operation upstream of the bending operation on a laser cutting machine.
    25. Use of the method according to one of claims 1 to 24 for the bending machining of workpieces (1) made of zinc-based, titanium-based, aluminum-based metal sheets, composites with such materials or at 24/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:47 no. : R082 P.098 / 105 25 15:45:54 26-09-2012 27/33
    [5]
    5 workpieces where the ratio of the smallest bending radius and the sheet thickness is less than or equal to 1.0. TRUMPF Maschinen Austria GmbH & Co. KG. by

    Lawyers BuraSf & Partner Rechtsanwalt GmbH 25/34 N2011 / 37500 26/09/2012 15:48 No .: R082 P.099 / 105
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1051/2012A|AT513467B1|2012-09-26|2012-09-26|Method for bending a workpiece|ATA1051/2012A| AT513467B1|2012-09-26|2012-09-26|Method for bending a workpiece|
    PCT/AT2013/050195| WO2014047669A1|2012-09-26|2013-09-25|Method for bending a workpiece|
    EP13802850.1A| EP2900395B1|2012-09-26|2013-09-25|Method for bending a workpiece|
    US14/431,050| US9707608B2|2012-09-26|2013-09-25|Method for bending a workpiece|
    JP2015533376A| JP6367808B2|2012-09-26|2013-09-25|How to bend the workpiece|
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